Michel Rukunda

Listed pursuant to paragraph 7 (c), 7 (d), and 7 (e) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of Congolese militias, including those receiving support from outside the DRC, who impede the participation of their combatants in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes”; “recruiting or using children in armed conflict in the DRC in violation of applicable international law”; “planning, directing, or committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals” and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as extended by resolution 2688 (2023). As a military leader of an armed Congolese militia, MICHEL RUKUNDA is involved in promulgating and supporting the group’s activities.

Michel RUKUNDA

former Colonel of the Congolese armed forces (FARDC)

Function/rank: Commander and Military leader of the armed group Twirwaneho in South Kivu

Michel Rukunda is a former Colonel of the Congolese armed forces (FARDC) and the Commander and Military leader of the non-governmental armed group Twirwaneho operating in South Kivu, which claims to represent the Banyamulenge Community. In addition, Michel Rukunda has been directly involved in the military training of recruits and in the use of children, including as armed escorts. Owing to his leading position in Twirwaneho and his direct involvement in the training and use of children, Michel Rukunda is therefore involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. Twirwaneho sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC and is responsible for serious human rights abuses in that country, in particular through the voluntary or forced child recruitment to participate actively in hostilities, attacks against civilians and the Congolese armed forces (FARDC), and killings, such as attacks against civilians in Mikenge village in November 2021 which killed at least six persons.

Designation: Commander and military leader of the armed group Twirwaneho

Listed pursuant to paragraph 7 (c), 7 (d), and 7 (e) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of Congolese militias, including those receiving support from outside the DRC, who impede the participation of their combatants in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes”; “recruiting or using children in armed conflict in the DRC in violation of applicable international law”; “planning, directing, or committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals” and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as extended by resolution 2688 (2023). As a military leader of an armed Congolese militia, MICHEL RUKUNDA is involved in promulgating and supporting the group’s activities.

former Colonel of the Congolese armed forces (FARDC)

Michel RUKUNDA

former Colonel of the Congolese armed forces (FARDC)

Michel RUKUNDA

Inscrit sur la liste en application des dispositions énoncées aux alinéas c), d) et e) du paragraphe 7 de la résolution 2293 (2016), telles que réaffirmées par la résolution 2688 (2023), au motif qu'il “appartient à la direction politique et militaire de milices congolaises, dont celles qui reçoivent un appui venant de l'extérieur de la République démocratique du Congo qui font obstacle à la participation de leurs combattants aux opérations de désarmement, de démobilisation et de réinsertion”; “recrute ou utilise des enfants pour le conflit armé en République démocratique du Congo en violation du droit international applicable”; “prépare, donne l'ordre de commettre ou commet en République démocratique du Congo des actes qui constituent des violations des droits de l'homme ou atteintes à ces droits ou des violations du droit international humanitaire, selon le cas, notamment des actes dirigés contre les civils, y compris des meurtres et des mutilations, des viols et d'autres violences sexuelles, des enlèvements, des déplacements forcés et des attaques contre des écoles et des hôpitaux”; et “agit au nom ou sur instruction d'une personne ou d'une entité désignée ou agit au nom ou sur instruction d'une entité qui appartient à une personne désignée ou qu'elle contrôle”. En tant que dirigeant militaire d'une milice armée congolaise, Michel RUKUNDA participe à la promotion des activités de ce groupe armé et les appuie. Michel RUKUNDA est commandant et dirigeant militaire général du groupe armé Twirwaneho, actif dans le Sud-Kivu. Sous son commandement, ce groupe recrute des enfants dès l'âge de 12 ans pour les faire participer activement aux hostilités, notamment en tant que gardes, escortes personnelles armées de Michel RUKUNDA et combattants. Ces enfants sont recrutés presque exclusivement au sein de la communauté Banyamulenge, y compris par la force. Sous la direction de Michel RUKUNDA, le groupe armé Twigwaneho a tué et puni des civils qui refusaient de s'enrôler ou de laisser leurs enfants s'enrôler.

Listed pursuant to paragraph 7 (c), 7 (d), and 7 (e) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of Congolese militias, including those receiving support from outside the DRC, who impede the participation of their combatants in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes”; “recruiting or using children in armed conflict in the DRC in violation of applicable international law”; “planning, directing, or committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals” and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as extended by resolution 2688 (2023). As a military leader of an armed Congolese militia, MICHEL RUKUNDA is involved in promulgating and supporting the group’s activities.

「武装解除・動員解除・社会復帰（DDR）プロセスへの戦闘員の参加を妨害する、コンゴ民主共和国の国外から支援を受けているものを含むコンゴ民主共和国民兵の政治的・軍事的指導者であり」、「適用される国際法に違反して、コンゴ民主共和国における武力紛争において、子供を雇用又は使用し」、「コンゴ民主共和国において、人権侵害や虐待、国際人道法違反に該当する行為を行い、殺害や傷害、強姦及びその他の性的暴力、拉致、強制移動、学校や病院への攻撃など、民間人を標的とする行為が含まれ」、及び「指定された個人又は団体を代表して、若しくはその指示を受けて行動すること、又は指定された個人又は団体が所有若しくは支配する団体を代表して、若しくはその指示を受けて行動すること」に該当するものとしてリストに掲載されている。武装されたコンゴの民兵組織の軍事リーダーとして、同人は同グループの活動の普及及び支援に関与している。

安保理決議第2688号（2023年）で延長された同決議第2293号（2016 年）７

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に基づき、

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Listed pursuant to paragraph 7 (c), 7 (d), and 7 (e) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of Congolese militias, including those receiving support from outside the DRC, who impede the participation of their combatants in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes”; “recruiting or using children in armed conflict in the DRC in violation of applicable international law”; “planning, directing, or committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals” and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as extended by resolution 2688 (2023). As a military leader of an armed Congolese militia, MICHEL RUKUNDA is involved in promulgating and supporting the group’s activities.

Listed pursuant to paragraph 7 (c), 7 (d), and 7 (e) of resolution 2293 (2016) as “being political and military leaders of Congolese militias, including those receiving support from outside the DRC, who impede the participation of their combatants in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes”; “recruiting or using children in armed conflict in the DRC in violation of applicable international law”; “planning, directing, or committing acts in the DRC that constitute human rights violations or abuses or violations of international humanitarian law, as applicable, including those acts involving the targeting of civilians, including killing and maiming, rape and other sexual violence, abduction, forced displacement, and attacks on schools and hospitals” and “acting on behalf of or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, or acting on behalf of or at the direction of an entity owned or controlled by a designated individual or entity”, as extended by resolution 2688 (2023). As a military leader of an armed Congolese militia, MICHEL RUKUNDA is involved in promulgating and supporting the group’s activities.